The most consequential change in commercial real estate is not visible on any skyline. It is happening in loan documents: lower advance rates, stricter reserves, and a decisive preference for buildings with long leases and modern mechanical systems.

Lenders who once financed 70% of an office tower's value now routinely stop at 55%, brokers say, and the gap must be filled with equity precisely when many existing owners have little appetite to add it. The result is a slow-motion transfer of buildings from highly leveraged owners to cash-rich ones.

The buildings are the same. The capital structures underneath them are unrecognizable.

Marta Kessler, real estate finance advisor